Abstract

Molecular, pharmacological and biochemical approaches: The latest panacea for emerging viral diseases

Authors: Juon Abbass, Sikandar Azam and Zeeshan Ahmad Butta

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2021.002

Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral infections have become the biggest threat to humanity around the globe. Several viral diseases are pandemic in their dissemination; the best prototype is the recent coronavirus-19 outbreak. There is a diverse range of traditional identification, treatment, and prevention methods for viral diseases that have been commonly used for so many years. Certain limitations are associated with these techniques, such as high cost, time consumption, poor accuracy, less sensitivity, and specificity. Recent advancements in molecular biology exclusively in proteomics and genomics have opened up a new arena for the more accurate and quick identification of emerging viral infections and the better replacement of conventional methods with newly developed pharmacological and biochemical strategies/tools for the optimum treatment and prevention outcomes. In the present study, we have thrown light on the more rapid molecular identification protocols for novel viruses by taking into consideration the hybridization and PCR based techniques and their efficiencies. Pharmacological and biochemical approaches have been evaluated for treating viral infections by using potent antiviral drugs such as Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Tilorene, Hydroxychlorinequine, and Nitazoxanide along with targeting the viral RNA, viral infectious and membrane-less organelles, viral protein inhibition enzymes, host target inhibition, and RNA silencing, respectively. Concerning prevention, various specific and nonspecific immune boosters, including micronutrients, probiotics, and synthetic peptides along with monoclonal antibodies and vaccinations have been discussed. These latest approaches have proven very much effective in the identification, treatment, and prevention of viral diseases to save human beings and check their spread in the community

Keywords: Emerging Viruses, Micro-Array, Antiviral Drugs, Vaccines, Monoclonal antibodies