Abstract

Bovine Babesiosis; Review on its global prevalence and anticipatory control for one health

Authors: Rida Asrar, Haris Raza Farhan, Daud Sultan, Muhammad Ahmad, Sohaib Hassan, Fakiha Kalim, Amna Shakoor, Hafiz Muhammad Taimoor Ihsan, Abdullah Shahab, Wahad Ali and Muhammad Arslan Asif

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2022.006

Abstract
Babesiosis is a fatal tick-borne disease infecting animals and humans, worldwide. The cattle industry is enormously affected and facing huge economic losses. Babesia (B.) bovis and B. bigemina are the common species that are responsible for babesiosis in bovines. The major vectors for B. bovis and B. bigemina are Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species. The two major mechanisms i.e., circulatory disturbance and hemolysis are involved in causing the acute disease produced by Babesia species. Infected animals show a rise in body temperature, anorexia, difficulty in breathing, weakness, anemia, and jaundice. As it is a tick-borne disease, the complex relationship between causative agent, host, and vector has hindered the process of vaccine manufacturing regarding bovine babesiosis. Human babesiosis is another emerging issue that needs to be controlled. Keeping in view the drastic changes in environment is fetching increase in vector growth of ticks to spread babesiosis. This review reveals the drastic increase in the global prevalence of this disease and shows the dire need of designing effective strategies and early diagnostic methods to alleviate this disease. This disease needs proper measures to be controlled properly for the sake of one health.

Keywords: Babesiosis, Zoonosis, Sero-prevalence, One health, Vector born emerging infection