Abstract

Oxidative stress and toxicological impacts of Monomehypo exposure on bone marrow and erythrocytes in male Japanese quail

Authors: Areej Khan, Hina Afsheen, Gulnaz Afzal, Qamar Un Nisa, Sana Alam, Arooj Ali, Muhammad Irfan and Adil Jamal

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2023.012

Abstract
Pesticide use in agriculture, particularly in developing countries, continues to pose a significant threat to avian populations. To investigate the potential harm caused by monomehypo pesticide, an experiment was conducted focusing on its effects on bone marrow and erythrocyte morphology in male Japanese quail. Forty-eight sexually mature quail weighing 120g were selected and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), each comprising 12 quail. After a two-week adaptation period in their natural environment, the trial commenced. Group A was assigned as the control group, whereas groups B, C, and D were subjected to monomehypo at doses of 120?g/kg BW, 160?g/kg BW, and 200?g/kg BW respectively. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in peroxidase (POD), superoxide (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels with an increase in dosage. Conversely, oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) showed a significant increase in all the exposed groups. This study also analyzed morphological changes in erythrocytes, revealing various abnormalities such as blebbed nuclei, micronucleated cells, notched nucleated cells, condensed nucleated cells, lobed nuclei cells, nucleus remnants, and cells lacking cytoplasm. These alterations were observed across all experimental groups and intensified with both higher doses and longer exposure. The results indicated that exposure to monomehypo showed a toxic effect and caused minor to major alterations in male Japanese quail. These results emphasize the urgent need to address the detrimental impacts of pesticides on avian populations, particularly in developing countries where birds are disproportionately affected.

Keywords: Monomehypo, Japanese quail, Bone marrow, Rrythrocytes, Oxidative stress