Abstract

Preparation and evaluation of oil-adjuvanted inactivated bivalent vaccine against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV)

Authors: Tanveer Ali Fazlani, Muhammad Shoaib, M. Shahid Mahmood, Areeba Javaid, Ruochen Hao, Muhammad Nabeel Amjad and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2023.026

Abstract
The poultry sector is economically significant but faces many challenges. Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) pose a great threat to susceptible birds. Vaccination strategies are useful in controlling infections caused by AIV and NDV. The goal of the current study was the production of a bivalent adjuvant-based inactivated vaccine against AIV and NDV and to compare the efficacy of an experimentally prepared vaccine with commercially available inactivated bivalent vaccine. Experimental trials were carried out on 14-day-old broiler chickens. Chickens were divided into three groups I, II, and III, with each group containing 20 birds. The first dose of vaccine was injected at 0 days (14 days of age) and the second dose was injected on the 7th day post-vaccination (21 days of age). Blood samples were collected from each group on the 7th and 14th day post-immunization. Results of the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test at 7th and 14th day post-vaccination presented the geometric mean titers of group I and II were 42.2, 84.4 & 97.0, 168.9 respectively for AIV. Similarly, the geometric mean titers of groups I and II were 48.5, 97.0, and 84.4, and 168.8 respectively for NDV. However, the control group showed a geometric mean titer of <4 against AIV and NDV. The challenge was given on the 14th day post- vaccination and birds were monitored for the next 10 days for clinical signs. The chicks of group I and II showed no clinical signs of AI. However, in group I, 10% morbidity and 10% mortality were recorded for ND whereas, group II showed no clinical signs for ND. 100% mortality was recorded in control group.

Keywords: Avian Influenza; Newcastle disease; Bivalent vaccine; HI test; ICPI assay; Adjuvant