Abstract

Preparation and evaluation of oil adjuvanted inactivated bivalent vaccine against Newcastle disease virus and Infectious Bronchitis virus

Authors: Saira Raheem, Abdul Rheem and Aakif Inayat

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2023.027

Abstract
Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis disease are the most lethal diseases of poultry currently caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). These viruses belong to Paramyxovirus type 1 and Gammacoronavirus, respectively. Both viruses mainly infect the respiratory and reproductive systems of poultry birds. These infections in poultry lead to a decrease in egg and meat production and cause huge economic losses. Major clinical signs and symptoms of these diseases are following such as dropping wings, depression, coughing, diarrhea, male infertility, and sometimes paralysis. Numerous vaccines are commercially available against these infections such as live vaccines and recombinant vaccines. However, the inactivated vaccines are most effective because they are non-replicating, easy to transport, safe against adverse reactions, and no cold chain equipment is required for storage. This research aims to develop an oil-adjuvanted bivalent inactivated vaccine against NDV and IBV based on field strains; to test the efficiency and immune response of oil adjuvant bivalent vaccine on poultry birds under field conditions. For vaccine preparation, samples were collected from the trachea, kidney, and oviduct of the suspected chickens. Samples were isolated in the allantoic cavity and chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs. Viruses were confirmed by different tests such as HA, HI, and ELISA. For vaccine preparation, these confirmed viruses were cultivated on chicken embryonated eggs. After that, both viruses were inactivated by formalin and bivalent vaccines and prepared by adding an oil adjuvant to increase their efficiency. Vaccine quality was checked by inoculating the prepared vaccine in chickens under normal field conditions. The vaccine prepared conferred protective antibody titers against the disease challenge under controlled conditions.

Keywords: Paramyxovirus type 1; Gammacoronavirus; Newcastle disease; Infectious bronchitis virus; Vaccine; Poultry birds