Abstract

Oxidative stress and toxicological impacts of monomehypo exposure on bone marrow and erythrocytes in male Japanese Quail

Authors: Areej Khan, Hina Afsheen, Gulnaz Afzal, Qamar Un Nisa, Sana Alam, Arooj Ali, Muhammad Irfan Shamsher and Adil Jamal

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2023.021

Abstract
Pesticide use in agriculture, particularly in developing countries, continues to pose a significant threat to avian populations. To investigate the potential harm caused by monomehypo pesticide, an experiment was conducted focusing on its effects on bone marrow and erythrocyte morphology in male Japanese quail. Forty-eight sexually mature quail weighing 120g were selected and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), each comprising 12 quail. After a two-week adaptation period in their natural environment, the trial commenced. Group A served as the control, while groups B, C and D were exposed to monomehypo @ doses of 120ug/kg BW, 160ug/kg BW, and 200ug/kg BW, respectively. The study evaluated the concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and reduced glutathione (GSH). The results demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in POD, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels with an increase in dosage. Conversely, oxidative stress markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05) in all exposed groups. This study also analyzed morphological changes in erythrocytes, revealing various abnormalities such as blebbed nuclei, micronucleated cells, notched nucleated cells, condensed nucleated cells, lobed nuclei cells, nucleus remnants, and cells lacking cytoplasm. These alterations were observed across all experimental groups and intensified with both higher doses and longer exposure. The results indicated that exposure to monomehypo showed a toxic effect and caused minor to major alterations in male Japanese quail. These results emphasize the urgent need to address the detrimental impacts of pesticides on avian populations, particularly in developing countries where birds are disproportionately affected.

Keywords: Monomehypo; Japanese quail; Bone marrow; Erythrocytes; Oxidative stress