Abstract

Determining the Oncolytic Effects of Newcastle Disease Virus (LaSota strain) on Solid Tumor Via Two Different Administration Routes In-vivo

Authors: Hafsa and Zahida Riaz

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2024.020

Abstract
Cancer is among the deadliest conditions endured by mankind. Annually we lose a great number of people to different types of carcinomas. The current treatments for various types of tumors and cancers revolve around chemo and radiotherapy. Although these treatments give somewhat positive results, the damage they do to normal cells is inevitable. Oncolytic viruses have an innate ability to selectively target, replicate in, and kill neoplastic cells while rendering no damage to the normal cells. This treatment mechanism of OVs without generating any collateral damage makes them an interesting candidate to be used in the treatment approaches for cancer. In this study, we aim to assess the oncolytic potential of an avian virus Newcastle disease virus, and its tropism towards solid tumors when administered through different routes. A chemically induced tumor model was achieved by oral administration of 7,12 di-methylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) once a week in mice for 5 weeks. Mice were routinely weighed and checked for tumor initiation symptoms. The NDV LaSota strain was given through two different administration routes, namely Intravenous (IV) and Intratumorally (IT) every 4th day as tumor treatment thrice. At the end of the trial, blood was drawn from each subject for serological testing for cytokine panel and tumor markers evaluation, and tumor-bearing organs were collected for histopathological testing after sacrificing mice to observe the changes in tumor tissue. Results were recorded after comparing the various parameters such as body weight, levels of tumor markers like CA15.3 and MDA, and cytokines including TNF-? and IFN-? in the serum of all mice of all groups along with the histopathological assessment. This study concluded that NDV LaSota virus, when administered systemically in DMBA-induced breast cancer model of BALB/c mice, significantly reduces breast and lung metastases and hinders tumor growth. While the localized administration yielded better results in treating malignancy in the tumor vicinity, it was not that effective compared to systemic administration when some other parameters were assessed. Data on body weight, tumor marker levels, and cytokine levels were represented as the mean±standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses were performed using the two-tailed unpaired Student’s T-test with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Graphs and statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism, ensuring robust data interpretation and visualization.

Keywords: Cytokine panel, DMBA, Newcastle disease virus, Oncolytic effects, Solid tumor.