Abstract

Plant-Based Nano-Formulations for the Treatment of Wounds in Animals

Authors: Anjum Masood, Muhammad Owais, Chanda Naseem, Abdul Aziz, Nadeem Raza, Arshan Shafqat, Rustam Ali Balouch, Muhammad Khurram, Zohaib Saeed and Muhammad Rizwan and Muhammad Kashif Khan

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2025.046

Abstract
The term wound describes any disturbance in the integrity of the soft tissues caused by the influence of different chemical, physical, biological, or pathological agents. They concurrently diminish the structural and functional capacity of a body. They are known to be categorized according to their depth, healing process, and etiology into classes like superficial, partial thickness, full thickness, acute, chronic, surgical, traumatic, infectious, chemical, or thermal type wounds. Despite all other chemical injuries, acid wounds are more severe as they happen due to exposure to corrosive materials, making the affected victims include hydrochloric or sulfuric acid; the severity is dependent on the concentration, time of exposure, and the area of injury. The occurrence of acid injuries is not common in developed countries where regulations are strict, but these injuries are still common in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus or immune disorders may also cause chronic wounds. The proper treatment requires proper classification of the wounds and knowledge of the wound healing process, that involves hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. The new developments in nanotechnology have made a considerable contribution to the management of wounds. Nano-formulations, including nano-emulsions, nano-gels, silver nanoparticles and nanofibers, provide controlled, targeted, and sustained therapeutic delivery. Nano-emulsions improve the solubility and penetration of the drug, nano gels allow keeping a moist environment and permitting the sustained drug release; silver nanoparticles have a strong antimicrobial effect, and nanofibers form the extracellular matrix that supports cell development and tissue repair. Collectively, these nanotechnologies speed up healing and combine antimicrobial activity, effective drug release, and tissue regeneration in a controlled and effective way.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Injuries, Botanicals, Antimicrobial activity, Healing