Abstract

Worldwide Sustenance and Evolution of Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry (A Review)

Authors: Usman Ishaque, Faisal Masoud, Iqra Ayub and Ahmad Zaman

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2025.042

Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a single-stranded RNA virus is the causal organism of a disease called Newcastle disease (ND), which is a major and continuous threat to the poultry industry in many developing countries around the world. The prevalence of the virus is very high all over the world and is contributing to serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Despite different vaccination strategies, Newcastle disease is still endemic in many countries across the globe. It produces nervous and respiratory signs which lead to a drop in egg production and mortality in birds. Considering the fact that vaccination is no longer yielding desired results it highlights the need to identify factors responsible for the never decreasing presence of the Newcastle disease virus worldwide. There are many factors such as diversity in classification, broad host range, worldwide distribution, genomic modifications and failure of detection which along with other factors are discussed in the present review. This article compiles those factors responsible for the continuous presence of disease worldwide with the aim to understand and eliminate those factors to decrease its prevalence.

Keywords: Evolution, Factors, Newcastle disease virus, Sustenance