Abstract

Addressing Oxidative Stress and Bisphenol A (BPA) Toxicity with Antioxidant Interventions for Male and Female Reproductive Health

Authors: Adeeba Naseer, Noman Waheed, Nusheen Ahmad, Nimra Ather and Sumaira Raziq

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2025.033

Abstract
Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is protracted since it is a non-persistent anthropogenic molecule that is widely used, found in numerous consumer products, and ubiquitous in the environment. This review looks at the landscape. Numerous research that have looked at the underlying molecular mechanisms of BPA toxicity over the past ten years have linked BPA-induced oxidative stress to human disease, male and female reproductive abnormalities, and other receptors in target cells due to its hormone-like property, which causes undesirable cellular reactions linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. BPA is a metabolic and endocrine disruptor that damages redox equilibrium by decreasing antioxidant enzymes and increasing oxidative mediators. This results in mitochondrial malfunction, changes to cell signaling pathways, and the activation of apoptosis. In order to comprehend how the activation of oxidative stress can be seen as the "fil rouge" of BPA's harmful modes of action with pleiotropic effects, this review will look at the current state of the BPA literature. Here, we focus on the protective effects of five classes of antioxidants vitamins and co-factors, natural products (herbals and phytochemicals), melatonin, selenium, and methyl donors (used alone or in combination) that have been found useful to counteract BPA toxicity in male and female reproductive functions.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Bisphenol A, Gender toxicity, Oxidative stress, Reproduction