Abstract

Sero-Prevalence of Paratuberculosis in Cattle and Buffalo Population at Abattoir in District Jhang, Pakistan

Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan Raza, Muhammad Hussain Nasir, Mazhar Abbas, Irum Batool, Shahzada Khurram Adrian Shah, Abdul Wadood Jan, Usama Shareef, Muhammad Usama Saeed, Muhammad Tariq Hussain, Muhammad Abid Aziz and Naimat Ullah and Muhammad Tahir Aleem

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2024.034

Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an important disease in the dairy industry that adversely affects the production of dairy animals. It affects all domestic animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and wild ruminants. To detect the prevalence of this disease locally, blood and tissue samples were collected randomly from cattle and buffalo, which were clinically weak and healthy animals. These samples were also collected from the abattoirs of district Jhang. Gross evaluation and grading of tissue samples were done based on thickening and severity of corrugations of intestinal tissue samples. Histopathological grading of tissue samples was done through H&E staining. Serum evaluation was done by checking the values of total protein and albumin in serum. Indirect ELISA was done to determine the seroprevalence of paratuberculosis locally. A total of 140 tissue samples (n=70 from cattle and buffalo each) were evaluated for gross pathological examination. Based on gross pathological examination, 25% tissue samples showed no lesion, with 18% of mild, 18% moderate, 17% severe intensity levels. The physically weak and diarrheic animals were observed with lower mean values of total protein and albumin. A higher albumin mean value (3.47± 0.11 g/dL) was observed in buffalo, while the lower albumin mean value (3.00± 0.06 g/dL) was recorded in cattle. Histopathological grading of 140 tissue samples were evaluated based on the presence of microphage infiltration, epithelioid cell infiltration and granulomatous reaction. In grade I, 70 intestinal tissue samples were positive with the presence of a few macrophage infiltration or epithelial cells in lamina propria of villi and between crypts and payer patches. In grade II lesions, 40 tissue samples exhibited moderate macrophages of infiltration or epithelial cells in lamina propria of villi and between crypts. A total of 40 tissue samples were included in the grade. In grade III, 30 tissue samples showed granulomatous enteritis with an abundant number of macrophages. In various tissue samples, payer patch hyperplasia was prominent. A total of 100 sera samples of cattle and 40 buffalo were screened through ELISA. A total of 6/140 sera samples were found positive in cattle and buffalo with a 4.2% prevalence in slaughterhouses of Jhang based on the ELISA test.

Keywords: ELISA, Histopathology, John’s Disease, Serum chemistry