Abstract

Emphasizing the Role of Pet Animal Allergy, Prevalence, Therapeutic Measures and Molecular Diagnostics

Authors: Absar Ahmad, Nadeem Raza, Muhammad Imran Khan Sohrani, Muhammad Hussnain Yousaf, Qazi Muhammad Awais, Rustam Ali Balouch, Arshan Shafqat, Zohaib Saeed, Muhammad Rizwan and Misbah Jabeen

DOI: http://dx. doi. org/10.71081/cvj/2025.047

Abstract
Pet allergies, especially caused by cats and dogs, are a serious problem for society since millions of people are affected. Those allergic reactions are caused mostly by Immunoglobulin E (IgE), in which the immune system reacts excessively to the proteins encountered in the pet dander, saliva, urine, and fur. The most common are respiratory symptoms, which manifest as sneezing, congestion of the nose, asthma, skin allergies such as dermatitis and hives, and eye allergies. These allergens are lightweight and easy to become airborne and stick to clothing and other household surfaces, which are difficult to get rid of totally. Cats, in particular, should be regarded as a very powerful allergen source, with Fel d 1(secretoglobin protein complex) causing allergy in the first place, whereas dogs have similar allergens, Can f 1 and Can f 5. Depending on genetics, personal exposure, and the amount of contact, reactions start and become worse. Emotional attachments to pets usually do not allow people to get rid of the animals despite the risks they pose. Hence, the control plans need to be used so as to minimize the health impact. These are environmental control interventions that include HEPA filters, regular cleaning, grooming activities, and the establishment of pet-free zones. Symptomatic relief is provided by the use of medical interventions, such as antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, allergies to home-related triggers can be minimized by home renovation and assistive treatments such as the use of nasal irrigation and diet changes. Understanding the nature and source of pet allergens, as w ell as implementing targeted interventions, allows people living with allergy to maintain a healthy lifestyle while continuing to enjoy the companionship of pets.

Keywords: Allergens; Allergies; Antibodies; Antihistamine; Fel d 1; HEPA filters; Hypersensitivity; Pet borne; Remedies