Abstract

Antimicrobial Potential of Juglans regia L (Walnut) Against Oral Pathogens Associated with Caries and Periodontitis

Authors: Azhar Rafique, Muhammad Sharjeel Arshad, Nadeem Ali and Md. F. Kulyar

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2026.070

Abstract
The non-transmissible diseases dental caries and ulatrophia pose a huge burden on human beings. Exploration for economical, easily accessible, harmless and substitute therapeutics development for the oral and dental health care is required. Natural products are used as traditional medicines from ancient times in Ayurvedic system of medicines. (walnut) is a type of plant that is commonly present around the Globe. The current research explores the antibacterial potential of three different solvent extracts including aqueous, acetone and methanol contrary to Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans. Vero cell line was used to determine the cellular cytotoxicity (CC50). For the phytochemical analysis all three extracts were evaluated through HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). The findings of current experiment showed that the aqueous extract of have considerably higher antibacterial activity by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition (20.00±0.58mm, 17.00±0.58mm) trailed by acetone and aqueous extracts counter to S. mutans, S. mitis, respectively. The methanolic extract proved statistically significant antibacterial activity at 160 mg/ml with inhibition zone (15.67±0.33mm) followed by acetone and aqueous extract against P. intermedia. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) (20mg/ml of aqueous extract against S. mutans; 5mg/ml of aqueous extract S. mitis and 10 mg/ml of methanol against P. intermedia). Highest quantity of phenolic acids was showed by methanol extract through HPLC while aqueous extract has considerably higher CC50 and for therapeutics it’s the safest among methanolic and acetone extract.

Keywords: Walnut, Phenolic acids, Oral pathogens, Antimicrobial effects, Cytotoxicity