Abstract

Efficacy of Botanicals against Toxoplasma gondii in Felines: Prevention Strategies for Zoonotic Animal Diseases

Authors: Umm Ul Khair, Hassan Sultan, Aatqa Aarbi, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi, Lubabah Numan, Syed Rizwan Ahmad, Muqadas and Aftab Shaukat

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2026.075

Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan of significant veterinary and general human health significance that is obligatory and intracellular in nature, with felines as definitive hosts that cause environmental contamination of oocysts. In cats, conventional treatment methods are constrained by the inability to achieve parasite clearance, toxicity, and failure to inhibit the shedding of oocysts. The growing antimicrobial resistance and fear of drug residues have necessitated the need to look into plant-derived compounds as an alternative or complementary measure. The antiparasitic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects of botanicals containing bioactive phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids) have the potential to interfere with parasite replication and transmission. This review critically assesses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and current control interventions of toxoplasmosis in felines, in addition to identifying the possibility of botanical compounds as sustainable interventions. Combining phytotherapeutics and current management can improve the health of cats and minimize the risk of zoonosis, contributing to One Health management of toxoplasmosis.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, Plant-based compounds, Toxoplasma gondii, Botanicals, Toxoplasmosis