Abstract

The Economic and Epidemiological Impact of Bovine Babesiosis: Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis and Control

Authors: Amani W. Mohamed, Amin Tahoun, Atef Oreiby, Khaled Sultan, Walaa A. Gad, Bassma S. M. Elsawy and Magdy H. Al-Gaabary

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.71081/cvj/2026.073

Abstract
Bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia species, is a tick-borne protozoan infection that importantly impacts livestock production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. This review comprehensively investigates the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, and economic implications of babesiosis in cattle. The life cycle of Babesia protozoans, their transmission dynamics via tick vectors, and the molecular analysis employed for detection and diagnosis are discussed. The review also addresses the clinical signs ranging from fever and anemia to severe conditions such as hemoglobinuria and organ failure, which are indicative of the disease's progression. Moreover, we study the globular distribution of Babesia infections, emphasizing the prevalence in regions such as South America, Asia, and Africa. The economic burden of the disease, involving treatment costs, tick control measures, and losses in meat and milk production, is outlined. Additionally, we highlight advances in chemoprophylaxis and tick control strategies aimed at the reduction of incidence and impact of babesiosis. By providing an in-depth understanding of the disease's etiology, clinical progression, and economic significance, this review aims to contribute to more effective control and management strategies for bovine babesiosis, thus safeguarding livestock health and ensuring the sustainability of cattle farming in endemic areas.

Keywords: Babesia, Bovine babesiosis, Clinical signs, Economic impact, Epidemiology, Livestock health, Molecular diagnostics, Pathogenesis, Tick control